Non-Competition Agreements

Courts are often reluctant to enforce non-competition agreements. They recognize that workers need to be allowed to make a living and often do not have the same bargaining power as employers when entering into employment agreements. And so they will not just enforce any non-competition agreement they see. Instead, they only enforce ones with reasonable limits.

The Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing

The implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing is a promise that state law declares is inherent in every contract unless the contract expressly disclaims it. The Uniform Commercial Code, for example, codifies it at UCC 1-304. It basically requires people who enter into contracts to act consistently with the object of the agreement. So, for example, if a sponsor of an apartment building agrees to sell apartments, that agreement contains an implied promise that the sponsor will not wait ten years to do so, making the finances of the building unsustainable.

The Attorney-Client Privilege

Some documents contain both privileged and non-privileged information. For those documents, an attorney redacts out the privileged portion, and produces a redacted version of the document that reveals the non-privileged portion. The attorney discloses details about the privileged portion on the privilege log. Redactions are a big task in document review and document production.

Selecting a Court

A major reason why litigants select one court instead of another is that the court they select is more conveniently located. The court may be near where the plaintiff or other key witnesses live, so they can more easily testify there. Or it may be near where the plaintiff’s attorney works, so she can more easily represent the client and appear for hearings.

Am I Going to Get Sued?

There are numerous examples of completely nonsensical claims that plaintiffs have submitted to court, and each of them technically started a lawsuit. A mentally ill person sued numerous defendants, alleging she was a cyborg with information about a slavery conspiracy. A former president sued a laundry list of people, alleging a conspiracy to make up connections with Russia. A beer drinker sued a brewer, alleging its beer did not help him attract women.

Third Party Subpoenas

After preparing the subpoena, a party needs to serve the subpoena in the same manner that it serves a summons. Often lawyers reach out to the lawyer for the subpoena recipient, who agrees to accept service without the need for the technical service procedure. The serving party usually also needs to serve a copy of the subpoena on each of the other parties to the litigation, which may also give them the opportunity to fight it in court.

Non-Disclosure Agreements

Non-Disclosure Agreements often begin with a definition of what information exactly is “confidential” and therefore should not be disclosed. Usually this is information that one party gives to the other that isn’t already public. Such a broad definition allows a company to re-use the same NDA for multiple situations and permits it to file the NDA in court without fear that the NDA itself will reveal any secrets. But sometimes an agreement may be more specific to avoid any doubt about what the subject matter is.

Strike 3 Lawsuits

In my review of Strike 3 lawsuits, I have seen none proceed to trial. The vast majority that I see settle, which means that Strike 3’s business appears to me to be twofold: First, getting random people to send it money to settle its lawsuits. And second, generally discouraging people from illegally downloading its films.

Choice of Law

Sometimes there are no statutes or precedents from another jurisdiction that directly answer the question that a court needs to consider. In those situations, courts often will apply the law in the way they believe the other state would have applied the law. And, in some situations, courts in one jurisdiction can “certify a question” to the highest court of another state for it to answer so that the local court can apply the law correctly.

Lies

In federal court, Rule 11 governs the procedure for addressing false statements by an attorney in a written document submitted to court. Rule 11 requires the lawyer to give notice to the other lawyer about the lie and provide her an opportunity to respond to it. Following that notice, the lawyer may make a motion to the court, asking it to punish the lawyer for the lie. Often this punishment comes in the form of the reimbursement of attorneys fees incurred in connection with the motion and because of the lie.

Working With Judges

Part of the reason lawyers are so deferential is because judges have the power to hold lawyers in contempt. And another part of this is because judges ultimately decide major issues in a case, so lawyers want to be on their good side.

Small Claims Court

Only certain types of cases qualify for small claims court. Generally, they are disputes over an amount of money below a certain threshold. For example, in New York City, small claims courts hear disputes for up to $10,000. In Miami, they hear claims for up to $8,000. These are amounts of money that may not seem small (no one wants to lose $8,000), but that are below the cost of litigating a full case in another court.