Filtered by Tag: Vienna Convention

More Thoughts on the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods

Parties can determine whether the CISG is helpful for them based on whether they prefer its terms over the ones found in another applicable law. But putting those substantive differences aside, I believe that there is a significant benefit to the CISG, and a significant drawback.

The Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods

Parties can determine whether the CISG is helpful for them or not based on whether they prefer its terms over the ones found in another applicable law. But putting those substantive differences aside, I believe that there is a significant benefit to the CISG, and a significant drawback.

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Comments on Recent Cases: May 2026

Defamation claims can be difficult to prove. This is because the law protects statements of opinion from litigation, and a qualified privilege often applies that shields statements from liability unless the plaintiff can establish the defendant made the statement maliciously. These legal shields do not prevent the cost and burden of litigation altogether.
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Comments on Recent Cases: April 2026

Since litigation is burdensome and expensive, parties can make agreements to limit their own exposure to a lawsuit. Courts will enforce “no action” clauses, putting obstacles to the commencement of a lawsuit, even when they protect non-parties to the agreement.
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Comments on Recent Cases: March 2026

People are understandably upset when others say false things about them, and they may consider defamation litigation. When false statements arise in a public process, such as in city records or in court, the lies may do more damage than they would have in a less official forum. The subject of those statements may therefore feel a greater desire to sue. But common-interest privilege protects certain types of statements.
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Comments on Recent Cases: February 2026

When a court orders someone to appear for a deposition, the person must appear or get another court order to the contrary. The penalty for disobeying the order to appear, however, can vary. For witnesses who decline to appear, the penalty may be monetary. For parties to the lawsuit, the court may rule the person who failed to appear must lose, but that is not always the case.
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Comments on Recent Cases: January 2026

It is important for defendants in litigation to promptly respond to a complaint. If they do not, a plaintiff may obtain a default judgment against them. But courts still apply strict rules to plaintiffs seeking default judgments.
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More Thoughts on the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods

Parties can determine whether the CISG is helpful for them based on whether they prefer its terms over the ones found in another applicable law. But putting those substantive differences aside, I believe that there is a significant benefit to the CISG, and a significant drawback.
Read More
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More Thoughts on Trial Exhibit Lists

The process for making an exhibit list often begins several weeks before a “pretrial conference” with the judge to discuss the trial. Often the judge’s rules or the court’s rules will instruct the parties to exchange proposed lists of exhibits. By exchanging these lists before the conference, the parties can identify the subjects of agreement ahead of time and then present their disagreements to the judge at the conference.
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Antitrust Litigation

Some Antitrust conduct is illegal “per se,” which means it is always illegal. Agreeing to fix prices or refusing to sell to certain consumers fits this definition. But other conduct can still violate the law. Courts apply what they call the “rule of reason” to determine whether the defendants conduct is so unreasonably anticompetitive, given the particular circumstances, that it violates the law.
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I Still Don’t Know

Even though I still do not know for sure what will happen in any given case, clients pay lawyers, in part, for our guidance. So it is not enough to just tell a client that I have no idea how their case will go. Part of the work of a litigator is to tell the client about our past experiences and their case’s possible outcomes. This includes discussing the likelihood of each outcome. This conversation grounds the client in reality, while at the same time acknowledging that we face unpredictability.
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Bankruptcy Litigation

At the conclusion of bankruptcy proceedings, the bankruptcy court can release her from her debts and contract claims. Creditors, however, may challenge some debts as being non-dischargeable, arguing that the debt should continue, even after the debtor declares bankruptcy. Student loan debts, for example, are usually non-dischargeable, as are debts arising from the debtor’s own fraudulent conduct.
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Litigation in Uruguay

Unlike common-law systems where paying the other party’s legal fees helps limit unnecessary litigation, each party pays its own legal fees in Uruguay. There are two exceptions: judgment enforcements and egregious behavior.
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Litigation in Hong Kong

An advantage of the courts in Hong Kong is that they maintain strong judicial independence. On the other hand, there is a high risk and cost of litigation, and it can take three to four years to get to trial.
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Litigation in Seychelles

As English French and Creole are all national languages of Seychelles, legal proceedings could include any one of them. However, English is the language used in court. So if a witness speaks Creole or French, they will be provided an English-language interpreter for the court record.
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Litigation in Lithuania

Lithuania’s private law has been a mixture of rules from Germany, France, and Netherlands. In 2004 when Lithuania joined the EU, they not only adopted the regulations that apply to all member states, but they amended other national laws to align with European principles. Today, Lithuanian commercial law is European and modern.
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Litigation in Lebanon

Lebanon has a first instance court, which is like a county court in the United States. After that, a party can appeal to an appeal court, an after that there is the Cassation court, which is derived from the French court system. That court only hears cases, though, when the appeals court judges disagree or when there was an error at the appeals court.
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